Civil tukanga i roto i te Brazil ngā o te ture o te civil tukanga taipitopito i roto i te Civil Tukanga Waehere, kua oti nei te whakaaetia i roto i te Maehe, me te i roto i te tono mai i te marama o Maehe, i roto i te whakauru ki te waehere tawhito iKa rite ki te ture civil pūnaha, kei te kaha te awe e no Roma German ngā ariā o te ture te tikanga. I roto i te Brazil, ā-tikanga regulates te whakawātanga o te pakanga e hāngai ana i roto i te ngā rāngai o te ture, pērā i tūmataiti ture, pāpori, ture, me te ture public. I te tīmatanga o te pūtake o te Palāsilá civil tukanga e taea te kitea i roto i te pōtukīhi Ko te Tikanga, he rite i roto i te kingitanga o Piripi ahau o Portugal i roto i, engari e kore e promulgated tae noa ki te kingitanga o Piripi II i roto i te. Enei whakaritenga i te tono ki te Koroni Brazil, me te haere tonu ki te waiho i roto i te force i roto i te whenua i muri i tona mana motuhake i Portugal i roto i te tau. Pukapuka III o nga Whakaritenga i roto ture tumu no te mau mai i te take i mua i te marae, pērā i te tono i te amuamu ki te kia tuhituhia, ka whakamana 'ngaro ohipa' i te wahi e rua i te whakawa me te defendant i tutaki i te whai wāhi (rōpū kihai whai wāhi i roto i te whakamātautau o te kaiwhakaatu, hei tauira). Enei ngā tukanga i te kaha te awe i te Roma, me te ture tumau, kïia Brazils roa-e tu ana i te hiahia mo ā-ture te pūnaha. Te Filipaini Whakaritenga noho tika i roto i te Brazil mō ngā rau tau, me te ara ki te whakaputa o te tau Arumoni Waehere, ā-wā tonu ki te whai i te ture o te tukanga mapi e te tikanga. Ki te i te tau i te Ture, i te āhua i te mana ki te waihanga i to ratou ake ture mō te ture te tikanga. Te nuinga o āhua ano hoki i taka ki te tika e whakaora i a modernize i te tukanga.
Tenei te kore te awe i te tau Ture ki te tukua mai te mana i runga i te ture te tikanga ki te Palāsilá e Hānga ana Kāwanatanga.
I te tau Waehere o te Kāwanatanga te Tikanga ko te hua tika o te tau Ture.
I te tau, i waehere tirohia rite te whakapai ake i rite ki te mea i whakaurua waha whakahaerenga, i te takiwa, whakahaerenga, me te mana te whakawa ki te tākaro i te wāhi nui. Heoi, Beresiria ture mataotao Sérgio Bermudes kitea e te waehere o te fiemālie coexistence o e rua rerekē awe: 'i te whānui modern huānga, kaha faauruhia na roto i te tiamana, Austria, me te pōtukīhi te ture, ki te rite te pai kia rite ki te mahi o te ture arotake o Itari, me te motuhake anachronistic huānga, te tahi mau taime rawa pono ki te tawhito Lusitanian tukanga, i ētahi wā tino vauvauhia mai. I muri i te tekau tau o te mātakitaki me te tautohetohe, te Kāwanatanga e hānga ana mana te whakahou nui ki te tau, te Waehere, o te Ture te Tikanga e rere mai i te tau tae noa ki te tau. Te waehere hou i tuhia e te ture, he tangata mātau Alfredo Buzaid, ko wai e i muri te mahi rite ki te whakawa i runga i te Palāsilá Federal Supreme Court, me te i arotakengia e te kōmihana arā, o te kaiwhakawa José Frederico Marques, Luiz Machado Guimarães, me te Luíz Antônio de Andrade. I te hou waehere kōtui de Processo Civil (CPC), e riro te ture i roto i te, e hāngai ana ki te hohoro te whakawakanga, tukanga, neke atu i te i runga i-te ti'aturiraa i runga i te tuhituhi tuhinga me te pleadings, me te whakawhānui i te kaha o te whakawa.
Ahakoa te mea kua whakatikaina e maha nga wa mai i tōna whakamana, tonu te reira ki te tu rite te mana ā-ture mō te tukanga i roto i te Brazil, i roto i te rua te āhua e hānga ana, me te marae.
I te tau CPC whakaae momo rerekē e toru o ngā tukanga: hinengaro, executory, me te takitaro. Te aro i homai ki te whakamutunga e rua, ko āhua iti, rite executory tukanga noa te mahi ki te uruhi o te tika ranei e te faturaa i mua (me te āta) korerotia e te ture, me te takitaro ngā tukanga e i te tukanga mahi e whakaratohia ana e te CPC ki te mau tonu taurite i waenganui i te whakawa me te defendant i roto i te whakawakanga. Ko te kupu, ko te nuinga o te CPC hāngai ana i runga i ngā tukanga ā-hinengaro. Ēnei tukanga mahi ki te tautohea e kerēme ki te wahi i reira ko te hiahia ki te tautuhi i te raima e te ture. Fakatatau ki, te hinengaro tukanga e hope i roto i te rerenga kōrero e hāngai ana ki runga ki te hua o te take, me te whakarato i te äta ki te whakahoki i te tuatahi amuamu whakakōnae i te whakawa. I roto i ngā tukanga ā-hinengaro, te CPC hanga i te atu te wehewehe i waenganui i te hunga o te motuhake tukanga, me te noa te tukanga. Motuhake tukanga ko te waiho i etahi take tautohetohe ranei na roto i te Pukapuka IV o te CPC me ētahi atu tikanga, pērā i te motuhake marae kitea i roto i te ture, kahore. Ēnei motuhake ngā tukanga ahu ki te arotahi ki runga i te take o te iti i te ipurangi, a ka taea e kia tika te āhuatanga rite te"tino whakarāpopoto whakahaerenga."I tua atu, noa ā-hinengaro i ngā tukanga ratou, e taea te pakaru ki e rua ngā wāhanga: ko te hunga e farii i te ki tonu i, te tuku iho o te maimoatanga mai i te ture te pūnaha, me te hunga e farii i te whakaahuatanga i raro. Whakarāpopototanga whakahaerenga e haapotohia katoa i te timatanga a ki te mutunga (rite te ātete ki te mutunga tae wawe i roto i te tukanga o te tikanga tuku iho, kia rite ki te whakarāpopototanga whakawa). Whakarāpopototanga whakahaerenga i roto i te Palāsilá ture, kei rongo matua i te āhuatanga e mahi ki te takoto ana i mea kaupapa o to ratou ōrite te whakawakanga, pērā i te iti-utu i te tautohetohe ranei, iti te pakaru i ngā aituā pereoo. Ko te kupu, he tino litigated, non-whakarāpopoto take, ka riro noa te mau tukanga. Ko te noa te mau tukanga he maha pakaru iho ki te wha wāhanga: i te inoi i te atamira, he tuturu te whakatuwhera i te tikanga, i te evidentiary te atamira, me te whakatau-hanga atamira. Te karo te haamata i te tukanga ā-na roto i te te tuku i te amuamu, kīia te ki pera me te tuatahi pitihana. I te tuatahi pitihana me whakauru te ingoa o te kaiwhakawa ranei, ki te marae e te reira, ko te whakatutuki, me te te ingoa me te tahi atu pūtautuhi o te whakawa, me te defendant. I ngā wā o mua, ka wehea ki e toru ngā wāhanga: te tauākī o te meka (te recital o te mau ohipa e tupu e whakapataritari ai te petihana), te whakaaro o te ture (te kohinga o ngā tikanga me te ture mana ki te āwhina i te tūranga o te whakawa ranei), me te te tono mo te sotaiete tauturu (te wahi i te e hiahiatia ana i te mahi ture ki te kia tangohia e te kooti ko te āta tohua e te whakawa ranei). I te tuatahi pitihana me hoki ngā te whakatakotoranga o te mea taunakitanga i te whakawa e hiahia ana ki te whakamatau i tana whakapae, me ngā tuhinga katoa te tautoko i te kiia te meka. Ko te pitihana ko na ka hoatu ki te whakawa, e ai rānei te whakakahore i te reira (i te pato'iraa e taea e karanga, heoi), te tono whakarerekētanga, ranei whakaae ki te mea rite te reira. Ki runga ki te whakaaetanga, te defendant te nuinga o te ra ki te whakahere i tana whakahoki, i raro i whiu o te taunoa. Te defendant taea e te whakahoki i te tuatahi te petihana ki tetahi o e toru ngā whakautu: he iho te whakautu, te counterclaim ranei he okotahi.
Te contestação mahi rite ki te kōaro o te pitihana tuatahi: kei roto te reira i te defendants ake korero whakapae, me te ture maori.
nz e totohe ana ki te whakawa o te utu, me te tautoko i ngā tuhinga me ngā taunakitanga. Te kore ki te kai-tetahi kupu hua i roto i te noa'e hara o aua tūranga. Te counterclaim, te wahi i te defendant fakahaa'i tona ake amuamu ki te defendant, me te kia te hāngai ki runga ki te totohe i roto i te pātai ranei, ara ake i te korero ki te amuamu. He okotahi kei te nohia e whakamātau ki te whakamutu i te ture i mua i te tae mai te reira ki te whakawa, ki runga ki te hua (pērā i te kore o te mana). I muri i te whakawa, kua arotakengia te tuatahi pitihana, me te te whakahoki, ko te whakawa a te rōpū e whakatau ki te whakaiti i te arotahi o te whakawakanga, ki te take i roto i te ngangare. Ki te arotake hua i te iteraa e te reira e kore e tautohetia ana, me ngā meka e te take o te totohe i te mea o te ture, ka kia whakahere i te whakarāpopototanga te whakawa i te aroaro o te tamataraa. Ki te kore, te tuturu te whakatuwhera i te tikanga manatoko e te take o te totohe i te mea tika o te whakautu e hāngai ana ki runga ki te hua o te take, me te tautuhi he aha te take e kia kawea i mua i te marae. I roto i te evidentiary atamira, ko te whakawa, ko te aroaro ki te taunakitanga e ka whakamōhio i tona whakatau whakamutunga. Taunakitanga kei te huihui i runga i te wā roa o te wā, maha te pumau te maha o ngā marama. Waha i te whakaaturanga o te rōpū i te tahi atu i te whakawa me te defendant e rongo i waho o te kooti, ki te whakawa i te mahi i rite ki te examiner. Te whakawa whiwhi i mua ki te ui wā, te raupapa o ngā pātai i ngā taha e rua o te whakawakanga, me te ui i te mau uiraa i muri i a ratou. I runga i te mutunga o te whakaaturanga, i te pato'i i te taha kia tuku i te raupapa o 'te whiti-whakamātautau' i te mau uiraa i roto i te tikanga ki te whakamārama i ngā āhuatanga o te whakaatu o te whakaaturanga. Tohunga kaiwhakaatu ano e ahei ana, ahakoa te whakawa ko te tikanga e rapu tikanga ana i te tahi atu mau te tohunga kaiwhakaatu o tona kōwhiri. Tono mō tuhinga, me te tahi atu taunakitanga ki te kia whakaputaina e te tērā rōpū kia tukuna ki te kooti heoi, enei tono me te tino motuhake i roto i te mea e hiahia ana ratou ki te whakaputa. I runga i te mutunga o te evidentiary wā, te marae kei te kawea mai ki te tamataraa. Ko te whakaaro tuatahi o te tamataraa, ko te ki te hanga i tetahi nganatanga whakamutunga ki te whakatau i te take i waenganui i te rōpū.
Kia te rua ngā rōpū kore ki te tae i te kawenata, i te tamataraa puta tae noa ki te whakawa i te tomo ki te whakatau e hāngai ana ki runga ki te hua.
Ahakoa te whakawa i te mea e tukua ki te aromātai i te taunakitanga noa, ko ia e hiahiatia ana ki te whakatau i runga i te noa ture o te wheako, tuhituhia ki te ture o te whenua, me te matauranga o mua whakatau (he haafifi i taua, ko te tata i Beresiria civil tukanga ture ki te maori Ture Noa), me te faaite i tona mutunga i roto i te ōkawa kupu, i reira te whakatau ko whakahuatia a ka whakaputaina i roto i te kāwanatanga ki te pupuri i te whānui, rite ki te nūpepa. Te whakawa mahara, ko te e tapaea ana i roto i ra i muri i te whakamutunga rongo, engari maha i te reira i te roa iho o te wā ki te tae i te whakatau whakamutunga, e tika ana ki te maha nui o te ture mahi i te tamataraa i roto i te Brazil.
